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Time Transient Electrochemical Monitoring of Tetraalkylammonium Polybromide Solid Particle Formation: Observation of Ionic Liquid-to-Solid Transitions
Version 2 2023-11-07, 14:44
Version 1 2019-04-17, 15:14
journal contribution
posted on 2023-11-07, 14:44 authored by Yejin Choi, Jiseon Hwang, Kyungmi Kim, Saibal Jana, Sang Uck Lee, Junghyun Chae, Jinho ChangEnergy storage systems (ESSs) using a Br–/Br2 redox reaction such as a Zn/Br redox flow battery (RFB) or
a redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitor (Redox-EC) suffer from
self-discharge reactions resulting in significant Coulombic loss.
To inhibit the self-discharge, quaternary ammonium (Q+)
and tetraalkylammonium (T+) bromide are added to form ionic
liquid (QBr2n+1) and solid (TBr3) polybromides during the ESS charging process. The electrochemical
formation of liquid QBr2n+1 and its electrochemical
properties have been examined. The detailed mechanisms of ionic solid
TBr3 formation, however, have not yet been explored. In
this article, we analyzed the ionic liquid-to-solid phase transition
of TBr3 particles using a time transient electrochemical
method. We suggest the formation of ionic solid TBr3 particles
via hydrated TBr3 droplets as an intermediate phase, which
are generated by electro-oxidation of Br– in an
aqueous TBr solution. We found the phase transition time of TBr3 particles is strongly dependent on the chemical structure
of T+ and the concentration of TBr in an aqueous solution.
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sup >– supsup >+ supsignificant coulombic lossess charging processphase transition timeenhanced electrochemical capacitorsolid phase transitionform ionic liquiddischarge reactions resulting3 subionic solid tbraqueous tbr solution2 subionic liquidaqueous solutionn intermediate phaseelectrochemical propertiesstrongly dependentquaternary ammoniumdetailed mechanismschemical structure
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