Investigation of Kokumi Substances and Bacteria in Thai Fermented Freshwater Fish (Pla-ra)

A 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing technique was applied to investigate the microbial diversity and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify glutamyl peptide profiles of 10 Thai fermented freshwater fish (Pla-ra) samples. A total of 12 genera of bacteria were able to be detected, with Tetragenococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. dominating. Of the 18 glutamyl peptides analyzed, 17 were found, even though the amounts detected were lower than the taste threshold. Despite this, an increase in mouthfulness sensation, reflecting kokumi activity, was clearly identified in most of the samples, which might be because of a synergistic effect of different sub-threshold compounds present in the samples. In principle component analysis, the relationship between microorganisms and glutamyl peptide generation was observed, especially between Tetragenococcus spp. and Lentibacillus spp. and the generation of γ-Glu-Val-Gly. Correlations between microbial diversity and the generation of taste enhancers were identified in this study.