Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Disk Samplers for Measuring
Trace Metals in Ambient Air
Version 2 2019-08-21, 15:12
Version 1 2019-08-21, 15:07
Posted on 2019-08-21 - 15:12
A new method is presented for measuring
atmospheric concentrations
of trace metals in airborne particulate matter using polyurethane
foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers (PUF-PASs) and passive dry deposition
air samplers (PAS-DDs), which until now have mainly been used to assess
organic pollutants in air. A field calibration study was conducted
at one of the sites where measurements of trace metals were available
using conventional methods. Uptake profiles of PUF-PASs and PAS-DDs
were linear over the full 56 days that the samplers were deployed.
The results confirm the ability of both passive sampler types to provide
time-integrated measurements of airborne trace metals. For the PUF-PAS,
the derived sampling rates (R) were generally in
the range of default values derived for organic pollutants (i.e.,
4 ± 2 m3/day). For the PAS-DD, the collection of the
larger depositing particles resulted in elevated effective sampling
rates, which were up to ∼4 times higher than for the PUF-PAS.
Sampling rates for the PAS-DD were more variable compared to those
for the PUF-PAS, probably due to the variability of the association
of various trace metals with larger particles. Results from the PAS-DD
were also converted to effective dry deposition fluxes and were as
high as 6700 μg m–2 day–1 for iron. This study provides a proof concept and methodology for
the application of PUF disk-based samplers as a versatile and cost-effective
tool for studying trace metals, in addition to organics, in ambient
air. The method was used to assess concentrations of 25 trace metals
in ambient using PUF-PASs deployed across six urban sites in the greater
Toronto area, impacted by different emission sources to air. The highest
trace metal concentrations were measured at sites impacted by traffic.
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Gaga, Eftade O.; Harner, Tom; Dabek-Zlotorzynska, Ewa; Celo, Valbona; Evans, Greg; Jeong, Cheol-Heon; et al. (2019). Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Disk Samplers for Measuring
Trace Metals in Ambient Air. ACS Publications. Collection. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00420
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AUTHORS (9)
EG
Eftade O. Gaga
TH
Tom Harner
ED
Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska
VC
Valbona Celo
GE
Greg Evans
CJ
Cheol-Heon Jeong
SH
Sabina Halappanavar
NJ
Narumol Jariyasopit
YS
Yushan Su