Realizing Metastable Cobaltite Perovskite via Proton-Induced Filling of Oxygen Vacancy Channels

The interaction between transition-metal oxides (TMOs) and protons has become a key issue in magneto-ionics and proton-conducting fuel cells. Until now, most investigations on oxide–proton reactions rely on electrochemical tools, while the direct interplay between protons and oxides remains basically at simple dissolution of metal oxides by an acidic solution. In this work, we find classical TMO brownmillerite SrCoO_2.5 (B-SCO) films with ordered oxygen vacancy channels experiencing an interesting transition to a metastable perovskite phase (M-SCO) in a weak acidic solution. M-SCO exhibits a strong ferromagnetism (1.01 μ_B/Co, T_c > 200 K) and a greatly elevated electrical conductivity (∼10⁴ of pristine SrCoO_2.5), which is similar to the prototypical perovskite SrCoO₃. Besides, such M-SCO tends to transform back to B-SCO in a vacuum environment or heating at a relatively low temperature. Two possible mechanisms (H₂O addition/active oxygen filling) have been proposed to explain the phenomenon, and the control experiments demonstrate that the latter mechanism is the dominant process. Our work finds a new way to realize cobaltite perovskite with enhanced magnetoelectric properties and may deepen the understanding of oxide–proton interaction in an aqueous solution.