posted on 2017-11-27, 00:00authored byYucheng Zhang, Debora Keller, Marta D. Rossell, Rolf Erni
In this work, a systematic
study of the effect of electron dose
rate, solute concentration, imaging mode (broad beam vs scanning probe
mode), and liquid cell setup (static vs flow mode) on the growth mechanism
and the ultimate morphology of Au nanoparticles (NPs) was performed
in chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) aqueous solutions using in
situ liquid-cell TEM (LC-TEM). It was found that a diffusion limited
growth dominates at high dose rates, especially for the solution with
the lowest concentration (1 mM), resulting in formation of dendritic
NPs. Growth of 2D Au plates driven by a reaction limited mechanism
was only observed at low dose rates for the 1 mM solution. For the
5 mM and 20 mM solutions, reaction limited growth can still be induced
at higher dose rates, due to abundance of the precursor available
in the solutions, leading to formation of 2D plates or 3D faceted
NPs. As a proof-of-concept, an Au nanostructure with a 3D faceted
particle core and a dendritic shell can be in situ produced by simply
tuning the electron dose in the 1 mM solution irradiated in a flow
cell setup in the STEM mode. This work paves the way to study the
growth of complex heteronanostructures composed of multiple elements
in LC-TEM.