Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction with a Ternary Hybrid of Patronite–Carbon Nanotube-Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Synergy between Experiments and Theory

This work reports the hybridization of patronite (VS₄) sheets with reduced graphene oxide and functionalized carbon nanotubes (RGO/FCNT/VS₄) through a hydrothermal method. The synergistic effect divulged by the individual components, i.e., RGO, FCNT, and VS₄, significantly improves the efficiency of the ternary (RGO/FCNT/VS₄) hybrid toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The ternary composite exhibits an impressive electrocatalytic OER performance in 1 M KOH and requires only 230 mV overpotential to reach the state-of-the-art current density (10 mA cm^–2). Additionally, the hybrid shows an appreciable Tafel slope with a higher Faradaic efficiency (97.55 ± 2.3%) at an overpotential of 230 mV. Further, these experimental findings are corroborated by the state-of-the-art density functional theory by presenting adsorption configurations, the density of states, and the overpotential of these hybrid structures. Interestingly, the theoretical overpotential follows the qualitative trend RGO/FCNT/VS₄ < FCNT/VS₄ < RGO/VS₄, supporting the experimental findings.