posted on 2021-03-18, 18:39authored byYu Wang, Juan Sun, Lamei Xue, Jinxin Liu, Chenzhipeng Nie, Mingcong Fan, Haifeng Qian, Duo Zhang, Hao Ying, Yan Li, Li Wang
Gliadins are the main cause of wheat
allergies, and the prevalence
of gliadin allergy has increased in many countries. l-Arabinose,
a kind of plant-specific five-carbon aldose, possesses beneficial
effects on food allergy to gliadins. This study investigated the antiallergic
activities and underlying mechanisms of l-arabinose in a
wheat gliadin-sensitized mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized
to gliadin by intraperitoneal injections with gliadin followed by
being given a gliadin challenge. l-arabinose-treated mice
exhibited a marked reduction in the productions of total immunoglobulin
E (IgE), gliadin-specific IgE, gliadin-specific IgG1, and histamine,
with an increase in IgG2a level as compared with gliadin-sensitized
mice. Beside that, a significant decrease in Th2-related cytokine
level, IL-4, and an increase in Th1-related cytokine level, IFN-γ,
in the serum and splenocytes were observed after treatment with l-arabinose. l-Arabinose treatment also improved the
imbalance of Th1/Th2 immune response on the basis of the expression
levels of related cytokines and key transcription factors in the small
intestine and spleen of sensitized mice. In addition, gliadin-induced
intestinal barrier impairment was blocked by l-arabinose
treatment via regulation of TJ proteins and suppression of p38 MAPK
and p65 NF-κB inflammation signaling pathways. Notably, the
results confirmed that l-arabinose treatment increased CD4+ Foxp3+ T cell populations and Treg-related factors
associated with increased expression of IL-2 and activation of STAT5
in gliadin-sensitized mice. In conclusion, l-arabinose attenuated
the gliadin-induced allergic symptoms via maintenance of Th1/Th2 immune
balance and regulation of Treg cells in a gliadin-induced mouse model,
suggesting l-arabinose could be used as a promising agent
to alleviate gliadin allergy.