Versatile Titanium Carbide MXene Thin-Film Memristors with Adaptive Learning Behavior

With the advent of the modern era, there is a huge demand for memristor-based neuromorphic computing hardware to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck in traditional computers. Here, we have prepared two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) MXene following the conventional HF etching technique in solution. After confirmation of Ti₃C₂T_x properties by Raman scattering and crystallinity measurements, high-quality thin-film deposition is realized using an immiscible liquid–liquid interfacial growth technique. Following this, the memristor is fabricated by sandwiching a Ti₃C₂T_x layer with a thickness of 70 nm between two electrodes. Subsequently, current–voltage (I–V) characteristics are measured, revealing a nonvolatile resistive switching property characterized by a swift switching speed of 30 ns and an impressive current On/Off ratio of approximately 10³. Furthermore, it exhibits endurance through 500 cycles and retains the states for at least 1 × 10⁴ s without observable degradation. Additionally, it maintains a current On/Off ratio of about 10² while consuming only femtojoules (fJ) of electrical energy per reading. Systematic I–V results and conductive AFM-based current mapping image analysis are converged to support the electroforming mediated filamentary conduction mechanism. Furthermore, our Ti₃C₂T_x memristor was found to be truly versatile as an all-in-one device for demonstrating edge computation, logic gate operation, and classical conditioning of learning by the brain in Psychology.