Understanding Lithium Dendrite Suppression by Hybrid Composite Separators: Indentation Measurements Informed by Operando X‑ray Computed Tomography

This study investigates the significance of the mechanics of hybrid particle–polymer separators in the stabilization of lithium metal interfaces by probing these properties in realistic conditions informed by X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Elastic properties and viscoelastic behavior of inorganic microparticle-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) films are characterized using a nanoindentation experiment whose displacement simulates the interfacial response seen in operando micro-CT. It is determined that the dominating mechanical behavior in this hybrid separator relevant to lithium metal cell conditions is comprised of viscoelasticity. Consistent with this finding, along with correlations across other physicochemical properties, a mechanism describing the improvement of lithium metal cycling performance according to inorganic filler type and content is proposed.