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Tuning the Color Palette of Fluorescent Copper Sensors through Systematic Heteroatom Substitution at Rhodol Cores
journal contribution
posted on 2017-11-07, 16:22 authored by Shang Jia, Karla M. Ramos-Torres, Safacan Kolemen, Cheri M. Ackerman, Christopher J. ChangCopper
is an essential nutrient for sustaining life, and emerging
data have expanded the roles of this metal in biology from its canonical
functions as a static enzyme cofactor to dynamic functions as a transition
metal signal. At the same time, loosely bound, labile copper pools
can trigger oxidative stress and damaging events that are detrimental
if misregulated. The signal/stress dichotomy of copper motivates the
development of new chemical tools to study its spatial and temporal
distributions in native biological contexts such as living cells.
Here, we report a family of fluorescent copper sensors built upon
carbon-, silicon-, and phosphorus-substituted rhodol dyes that enable
systematic tuning of excitation/emission colors from orange to near-infrared.
These probes can detect changes in labile copper levels in living
cells upon copper supplementation and/or depletion. We demonstrate
the ability of the carbon–rhodol based congener, Copper Carbo
Fluor 1 (CCF1), to identify elevations in labile copper pools in the
Atp7a–/– fibroblast cell model of the genetic
copper disorder Menkes disease. Moreover, we showcase the utility
of the red-emitting phosphorus-rhodol based dye Copper Phosphorus
Fluor 1 (CPF1) in dual-color, dual-analyte imaging experiments with
the green-emitting calcium indicator Calcium Green-1 to enable simultaneous
detection of fluctuations in copper and calcium pools in living cells.
The results provide a starting point for advancing tools to study
the contributions of copper to health and disease and for exploiting
the rapidly growing palette of heteroatom-substituted xanthene dyes
to rationally tune the optical properties of fluorescent indicators
for other biologically important analytes.
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CPFCCFgreen-emitting calcium indicator Calcium Greencopper disorder Menkes diseasecopper poolstransition metal signalCopper Carbo Fluor 1heteroatom-substituted xanthene dyesFluorescent Copper Sensorsdual-analyte imaging experimentsphosphorus-substituted rhodol dyesdye Copper Phosphorus Fluor 1Rhodol Cores CopperSystematic Heteroatom Substitution
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