The Role of the Second Coordination Sphere of [Ni(P^Cy₂N^Bz₂)₂](BF₄)₂ in Reversible Carbon Monoxide Binding

The complex [Ni(P^Cy₂N^Bz₂)₂](BF₄)₂, 1, reacts rapidly and reversibly with carbon monoxide (1 atm) at 25 °C to form [Ni(CO)(P^Cy₂N^Bz₂)₂](BF₄)₂, 2, which has been characterized by spectroscopic data and by an X-ray diffraction study. In contrast, analogous Ni(II) carbonyl adducts were not observed in studies of several other related nickel(II) diphosphine complexes. The unusual reactivity of 1 is attributed to a complex interplay of electronic and structural factors, with an important contribution being the ability of two positioned amines in the second coordination sphere to act in concert to stabilize the CO adduct. The proposed interaction is supported by X-ray diffraction data for 2 which shows that all of the chelate rings of the cyclic ligands are in boat conformations, placing two pendant amines close (3.30 and 3.38 Å) to the carbonyl carbon. Similar close C−N interactions are observed in the crystal structure of the more sterically demanding isocyanide adduct, [Ni(CNCy)(P^Cy₂N^Bz₂)₂]₂(BF₄)₂, 4. The data suggest a weak electrostatic interaction between the lone pairs of the nitrogen atoms and the positively charged carbon atom of the carbonyl or isocyanide ligand, and illustrate a novel (non-hydrogen bonding) second coordination sphere effect in controlling reactivity.