posted on 2011-10-10, 00:00authored byHoussine Sehaqui, Qi Zhou, Olli Ikkala, Lars A. Berglund
In order to better understand nanostructured fiber networks,
effects
from high specific surface area of nanofibers are important to explore.
For cellulose networks, this has so far only been achieved in nonfibrous
regenerated cellulose aerogels. Here, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)
is used to prepare high surface area nanopaper structures, and the
mechanical properties are measured in tensile tests. The water in
NFC hydrogels is exchanged to liquid CO2, supercritical
CO2, and tert-butanol, followed by evaporation,
supercritical drying, and sublimation, respectively. The porosity
range is 40–86%. The nanofiber network structure in nanopaper
is characterized by FE-SEM and nitrogen adsorption, and specific surface
area is determined. High-porosity TEMPO-oxidized NFC nanopaper (56%
porosity) prepared by critical point drying has a specific surface
area as high as 482 m2 g–1. The mechanical
properties of this nanopaper structure are better than for many thermoplastics,
but at a significantly lower density of only 640 kg m–3. The modulus is 1.4 GPa, tensile strength 84 MPa, and strain-to-failure
17%. Compared with water-dried nanopaper, the material is softer with
substantiallly different deformation behavior.