Smart Bandage Based on a ZIF‑8 Triboelectric Nanogenerator for In Situ Real-Time Monitoring of Drug Concentration

For chronic wounds, frequent replacement of bandages not only increases the likelihood of secondary damage and the risk of cross infection but also wastes medication. Therefore, in situ real-time monitoring of the concentrations of residual drugs in bandages is crucial. Here, we propose a novel strategy that combines a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with medical bandages to develop a smart bandage based on zeolite imidazolate framework TENG. During the process of wound healing, the electrical output of TENG changes with the continuous release of drugs. Based on the correlation between the electrical signal of TENG and drug concentration, the concentration of residual drugs in the bandage can be monitored in real-time in situ, guiding medical staff to replace the bandage at the most appropriate time. The smart bandage based on TENG provides a new strategy for in situ real-time monitoring of drug concentration and also provides an ideal and feasible solution for the field of biomedical drug sensing.