Rational Solid-State Synthesis Routes for Inorganic Materials

The rational solid-state synthesis of inorganic compounds is formulated as catalytic nucleation on crystalline reactants, where contributions of reaction and interfacial energies to the nucleation barriers are approximated from high-throughput thermochemical data and structural and interfacial features of crystals, respectively. Favorable synthesis reactions are then identified by a Pareto analysis of relative nucleation barriers and phase selectivities of reactions leading to the target. We demonstrate the application of this approach in reaction planning for the solid-state synthesis of a range of compounds, including the widely studied oxides LiCoO₂, BaTiO₃, and YBa₂Cu₃O₇, as well as other metal oxide, oxyfluoride, phosphate, and nitride targets. Pathways for enabling the retrosynthesis of inorganics are also discussed.