Protein Biophotosensitizer-Based IGZO Photo-thin Film Transistors for Monitoring Harmful Ultraviolet Light

The development of health monitoring devices to prevent skin cancers or various diseases arising from exposure to harmful light has attracted increasing scientific interest and has led to the exploration of hybrid inorganic-biological systems through the incorporation of biomolecules. Here, ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on transistors incorporating green fluorescent protein (GFP) molecules on multilayer-stacked indium–gallium–zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin films are studied, where the top layer of the IGZO films has different surface properties. Light-sensitive GFP can play a role as a biophotosensitizer due to light-induced electron transfer during photoexcitation. Intriguingly, the IGZO photo-thin film transistors (TFTs) with GFP molecules on a relatively more hydrophilic surface (less defective surface) have better device performance and exhibit a dramatic decrease in the photocurrent after turning the UV light off compared to the cases without GFP molecules on the more hydrophilic surface and on the less hydrophilic surface (more defective surface). A physical mechanism based on energy band diagrams is proposed, and the light-induced threshold voltage shift in the IGZO photo-TFTs is estimated and explained in terms of oxygen-related vacancy sites and trap/interface conditions in the IGZO film and light-induced electron transfer from the GFP molecules.