posted on 2024-03-13, 13:05authored byJiashuo Li, Chen Wang, Jinqiang Guo, Yu Xin, Ning Zhang, Xi Liu, Kuishuang Feng
Solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, which enable carbon
neutrality,
are expected to surge in the coming decades. This growth will support
sustainable development goals (SDGs) via reductions in power-generation-related
environmental emissions and water consumption while generating new
jobs. However, where and to what extent PVs should be utilized to
support SDGs must be thoroughly addressed. Here, we use multiple PV
deployment scenarios to compare the benefits of PVs and related SDGs
progress in 366 prefectural-level cities in China. We developed an
assessment framework that integrates a PV allocation model, an electricity
system optimization model, and a benefit assessment approach. We identify
vast differences in PV distribution and electricity transmission and
elucidate trade-offs and synergies among the SDGs under various PV
implementation scenarios. The water conservation-oriented scenario
yields substantial carbon reduction, air pollutant mitigation, and
water saving cobenefits, leading to the greatest SDGs improvements.
Prioritizing employment creation enhances job-relevant SDGs but inhibits
environmental resource benefits. SDGs in less developed cities present
greater progress across all scenarios. This study highlights the need
to consider spatial heterogeneity and the potential trade-offs between
different SDGs and regions when designing energy transition strategies.