Polymorphic
Phase-Dependent Optical and Electrical
Properties of a Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Small Molecule

Salammal, Shabi Thankaraj; Zhang, Zhongqiang; Chen, Jiehuan; Chattopadhyay, Basab; Wu, Jiake; Fu, Lei; Fan, Congcheng; Chen, Hongzheng

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b05084.s001

Polymorphic Phase-Dependent Optical and Electrical Properties of a Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Small Molecule

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b05084.s001
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journal contribution

posted on 2016-07-19, 00:00 authored by Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, Zhongqiang Zhang, Jiehuan Chen, Basab Chattopadhyay, Jiake Wu, Lei Fu, Congcheng Fan, Hongzheng Chen

Four different polymorphic conformations of diethyl 5,5′-[5,5′-[2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl]bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl)]difuran-2-carboxylate (DPP-(CF)2), namely, DPP-(CF)2-α, DPP-(CF)2-β, DPP-(CF)2-γ, and DPP-(CF)2-ω, were identified from X-ray diffraction analysis conducted on their thin films and single crystals. Highly crystalline and well-textured thin films of these four polymorphs were successfully prepared via postgrowth solvent vapor and thermal annealing treatments to investigate the polymorphic phase-dependent optical and electrical properties of DPP-(CF)2. Interestingly, during the phase transition from DPP-(CF)2-α to DPP-(CF)2-ω, the optical band gap decreases from 1.75 to 1.5 eV because of the enhanced π–π interaction between the neighboring molecules. Except for DPP-(CF)2-γ, the other three phases show ambipolar charge transport. Although DPP-(CF)2-β and DPP-(CF)2-γ exhibit a similar way of packing, a small increment in the π–π-stacking distance (0.006 Å) and twist conformation of the grafted electron-donating moieties of DPP-(CF)2-γ are found to reduce its hole mobility.