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Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic Oceans
journal contribution
posted on 2012-06-05, 00:00 authored by Jonathan
P. Benskin, Derek C. G. Muir, Brian F. Scott, Christine Spencer, Amila O. De Silva, Henrik Kylin, Jonathan W. Martin, Adam Morris, Rainer Lohmann, Gregg Tomy, Bruno Rosenberg, Sachi Taniyasu, Nobuyoshi YamashitaWe report here on the spatial distribution of C4, C6, and C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, C6–C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, and perfluorooctanesulfonamide
in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, including previously unstudied
coastal waters of North and South America, and the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate
(PFOS) were typically the dominant perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in
Atlantic water. In the midnorthwest Atlantic/Gulf Stream, sum PFAA
concentrations (∑PFAAs) were low (77–190 pg/L) but increased
rapidly upon crossing into U.S. coastal water (up to 5800 pg/L near
Rhode Island). ∑PFAAs in the northeast Atlantic were highest
north of the Canary Islands (280–980 pg/L) and decreased with
latitude. In the South Atlantic, concentrations increased near Rio
de la Plata (Argentina/Uruguay; 350–540 pg/L ∑PFAAs),
possibly attributable to insecticides containing N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide, or proximity to Montevideo and
Buenos Aires. In all other southern hemisphere locations, ∑PFAAs
were <210 pg/L. PFOA/PFOS ratios were typically ≥1 in the
northern hemisphere, ∼1 near the equator, and ≤1 in
the southern hemisphere. In the Canadian Arctic, ∑PFAAs ranged
from 40 to 250 pg/L, with perfluoroheptanoate, PFOA, and PFOS among the PFAAs detected at the highest concentrations. PFOA/PFOS ratios (typically ≫1) decreased from Baffin Bay to the Amundsen Gulf, possibly attributable to increased atmospheric inputs. These data help validate global emissions models and contribute to understanding of long-range transport pathways and sources of PFAAs to remote regions.
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Buenos AiresPerfluoroalkyl AcidsPFAAtransport pathwaysAtlantic waterAmundsen GulfRhode Islandemissions modelsnortheast AtlanticCanadian Arctic ArchipelagopgC 8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonatesPFOAPFOShemisphere locationsArctic OceansCanadian ArcticCanadian Arctic OceansWe reportperfluoroalkyl acidsU.SBaffin BaySouth Atlantic
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