posted on 2018-05-24, 00:00authored byDi Zhang, Wenhai Chu, Yun Yu, Stuart W. Krasner, Yang Pan, Jun Shi, Daqiang Yin, Naiyun Gao
2-Chlorophenylacetonitrile (2-CPAN) and 3,4-dichlorophenylacetonitrile
(3,4-DCPAN), representatives of a new class of nitrogenous aromatic
disinfection byproducts, were first identified and quantified in chlorinated
and chloraminated drinking waters. The impacts of pH, disinfectant
residuals, and quenching agents on the stability of two chlorophenylacetonitriles
(CPANs) were investigated. The two CPANs slightly degraded with increasing
pH (5–9) and chlorination doses (0–4 mg/L) after 5 days,
and NH2Cl did not cause degradation of CPANs. Among the
commonly used quenching agents, the reaction between sodium sulfite
and CPANs was negligible, whereas the others reduced CPANs by varying
extents after 7 days. Notably, the two CPANs in finished water collected
from seven drinking water treatment plants were quantified. 2-CPAN
was detected between 170 and 530 ng/L with a median concentration
of 220 ng/L, whereas 3,4-DCPAN ranged from below method detection
limit (100 ng/L) up to 320 ng/L with a median concentration of 130
ng/L. Moreover, cytotoxicity of the CPANs and their aliphatic counterparts
was determined using Chinese hamster ovary cells. The LC50 values are 133, 83, 436, 260, 905, 4150, and 8900μM for 2-CPAN,
3,4-DCPAN, chloroacetonitrile, dichloroacetonitrile, chloroacetic
acid, dichloroacetic acids, and trichloromethane, respectively. Because
of the relatively high stability and high toxic potencies of CPANs,
the occurrence of CPANs in drinking water deserves attention.