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Download fileNanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer
journal contribution
posted on 2019-11-20, 20:42 authored by Mikko Poikkimäki, Ville Koljonen, Niko Leskinen, Mikko Närhi, Oskari Kangasniemi, Oskari Kausiala, Miikka Dal MasoMany studies exist that characterize the aerosol emissions
from
fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printers. However,
nanocluster aerosol (NCA) particles, that is particles in a size range
under 3 nm, are rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize
the NCA emissions and the contribution of NCA to the total particle
number emissions from a 3D printer. We used a particle size magnifier
and a scanning mobility particle sizer to measure the time evolution
of particle size distribution, which was used to calculate the average
NCA emission rates during a printer operation in a chamber. The NCA
emission rates ranged from 1.4 × 106 to 7.3 ×
109 s–1 depending on the applied combination
of filament material and nozzle temperature, showing increasing emission
with increasing temperature. The NCA emissions constitute from 9 to
48% of the total emissions, that is, almost half of the particle emissions
may have been previously neglected. Therefore, it is essential to
include the low NCA size range in, for example, future 3D-printer-testing
protocols, emission measurement standards, and risk management measures.