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Metastable Chloride Solid Electrolyte with High Formability for Rechargeable All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
journal contribution
posted on 2020-06-29, 14:09 authored by Naoto Tanibata, Shuta Takimoto, Koki Nakano, Hayami Takeda, Masanobu Nakayama, Hirofumi SumiDense
solid electrolytes in all-solid-state Li batteries are expected
to suppress Li dendrite phenomena that prevent the application of
high-energy-density Li metal electrodes. However, voids and cracks
in sintered electrolytes still permit short-circuiting due to Li dendrites.
This study aimed to investigate solid electrolytes with high formability
in which green compacts can prevent Li dendrites. Li+ ion
migration energies, bulk moduli, and energies above the hull were
comprehensively investigated using first-principles and classical
force field calculations as the indicators for ionic conductivity,
formability, and thermodynamic stability. The 231 compounds containing
Li and Cl listed in the Materials Project database
were studied due to their high polarizability and weak Coulombic interaction
with Li+ ions. Among them, monoclinic LiAlCl4 (LAC, S.G.: P121/c1) was focused on,
owing to its low values of all three indicators. A mechanochemical
synthesis was attempted to prepare the metastable phase, where Li
ions occupy the interstitial sites, not just the original sites, because
the computation for the migration energy suggested conductive pathways
between the original Li sites. XRD and 7Li-MAS NMR measurements
indicated that the mechanochemically synthesized LAC possessed a monoclinic
host structure, while 2.5% Li occupied interstitial tetrahedral sites.
Impedance measurements showed that the LAC green compacts exhibited
an ionic conductivity of 2.1 × 10–5 S cm–1, 20 times higher than the conventional solid-state
synthesized LAC at room temperature. The conductivity was more than
one order of magnitude higher than that of garnet-type Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 (LLZT),
which has been attractive for the application of the sintered body
for Li metal electrodes. The SEM observations and distribution of
relaxation times analysis indicated that dense LAC green compacts
with large necking between the particles contributed minimal grain-boundary
resistance (7.5%) to the total resistance, while the LLZT green compacts
contributed almost completely (99%). Li metal symmetric cells using
the LAC pellet showed good cycle performance without short-circuiting
and an overvoltage increase for 70 cycles at a current density of
0.1 mA cm–2, while short circuiting occurred at
the 1st cycle in the LLZT cells.
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Keywords
ion migration energiesLLZT1 st cycleforce field calculationsLACMaterials Project databaseXRDgarnet-type Li 6.6 La 3 Zr 1.6 Ta 0...high-energy-density Li metal electrodesLi dendritesSEMS.Grelaxation times analysisall-solid-state Li batteriesRechargeable All-Solid-State Lithiu...Li dendrite phenomena7 Li-MAS NMR measurementsLi metal electrodes
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