Lignan Glycosides from the Twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis and Their Biological Activities

Phytochemical investigation of the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis led to the isolation and identification of six new lignan glycosides, chaenomiside A–F (1–6), along with five known ones (7–11). Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including NMR, MS, ECD, and GC/MS analyses. All the isolated compounds (1–11) were tested for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine microglial cells and the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) in a C6 rat glioma cell line. Compound 6 significantly reduced NO levels in the murine microglia BV2 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 21.3 μM, and compounds 1, 3, and 6 were potent stimulants of NGF release with stimulation levels of 151.74 ± 6.77%, 144.31 ± 7.49%, and 167.61 ± 18.5%, respectively.