Isolation of a High-Affinity Cannabinoid for the Human CB1 Receptor from a Medicinal <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Variety: Δ⁹‑Tetrahydrocannabutol, the Butyl Homologue of Δ⁹‑Tetrahydrocannabinol

The butyl homologues of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabutol (Δ⁹-THCB), and cannabidiol, cannabidibutol (CBDB), were isolated from a medicinal <i>Cannabis sativa</i> variety (FM2) inflorescence. Appropriate spectroscopic and spectrometric characterization, including NMR, UV, IR, ECD, and HRMS, was carried out on both cannabinoids. The chemical structures and absolute configurations of the isolated cannabinoids were confirmed by comparison with the spectroscopic data of the respective compounds obtained by stereoselective synthesis. The butyl homologue of Δ⁹-THC, Δ⁹-THCB, showed an affinity for the human CB1 (<i>K</i>_i = 15 nM) and CB2 receptors (<i>K</i>_i = 51 nM) comparable to that of (−)-<i>trans</i>-Δ⁹-THC. Docking studies suggested the key bonds responsible for THC-like binding affinity for the CB1 receptor. The formalin test in vivo was performed on Δ⁹-THCB in order to reveal possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The tetrad test in mice showed a partial agonistic activity of Δ⁹-THCB toward the CB1 receptor.