Isolation, Identification, and Bioactivity of Monoterpenoids and Sesquiterpenoids from the Mycelia of Edible Mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae

Edible mushroom is a profilic source of bioactive metabolites for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals. In this work, four new monoterpenoids (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) and one new sesquiterpenoid (<b>6</b>) were isolated from the mycelia of edible mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae fermented on rice. Their structures were established by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism (CD) data analysis. Compound <b>1</b> possesses an unusual spiro­[benzofuran-3,2′-oxiran] skeleton. The absolute configuration of the 6,7-diol moieties in compounds <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>6</b> was assigned using the <i>in situ</i> dimolybdenum CD method. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>5</b>, <b>7</b>, and <b>8</b> showed moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccaride-activated macrophages, with IC₅₀ values in the range of 60–90 μM. Compounds <b>6</b> and <b>7</b> also exhibited slight cytotoxicity against HeLa and HepG2 cells.