Investigation of Optical Properties and Biological Activities of Antimony(III) Halide Templated by 2,2′-Bipyridinium for Optoelectronic Devices

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the optical properties of hybrid compound [C₁₀H₁₀N₂]₂(SbCl₄)₂·2Cl, using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The measurements were conducted over a 200–1100 nm spectral range. The optical band gap, calculated using absorption, reflectance, and Tauc method, was an indirect band gap of approximately 2.28 eV. In addition, a high Urbach energy of 578 meV indicates a notable density of localized states in the material. Optical constants, such as skin depth, were studied as a function of wavelength, providing valuable information on the performance of the compound in the UV, visible, and near-infrared regions. The extinction coefficient highlighted the efficiency of the material in absorbing incident light. A detailed analysis of the refractive index and optical conductivity provided further insights into its optical behavior. These results highlight the potential of [C₁₀H₁₀N₂]₂(SbCl₄)₂·2Cl for optoelectronic applications, especially in ultraviolet- and visible-light-sensitive devices such as photodetectors and sensors. In addition, biological activity assessments demonstrated that the compound possesses moderate antibacterial properties, suggesting promising applications in biomedical fields, including antimicrobial coatings and pharmaceutical formulations.