Induced Phase Separation in Low-Ionic-Strength Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Containing High-Molecular-Weight Blue Dextrans

Spontaneous entropic phase separation phenomena occur in a wide range of systems containing highly anisotropic colloidal particles. Among these are aqueous suspensions of negatively charged cellulose I nanocrystals produced by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of native cellulose, which phase separate into isotropic and chiral nematic liquid-crystalline phases. Phase separation of an isotropic phase from a completely ordered nanocrystal suspension may be induced by the addition of salts or nonadsorbing macromolecules. In previous work (Edgar, C. D.; Gray, D. G. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 7400−7406), an isotropic phase was found to form over a period of several days when blue dextran (a sulfonated triazine dye, Cibacron blue 3G-A, covalently attached to high-molecular-weight dextran chains) was added to initially ordered suspensions. Here we report work showing that the observed phase separation was associated with the charged dye molecules attached to the dextran. The Cibacron blue 3G-A dye attached to blue dextran was found to induce greater phase separation than free (unbound) dye; at increasing ionic strength, depletion attractions due to the blue dextran increasingly contribute to the phase separation.