Hemostatic Tranexamic Acid-Induced Fast Gelation and
Mechanical Reinforcement of Polydimethylacrylamide/Carboxymethyl Chitosan
Hydrogel for Hemostasis and Wound Healing
The combinational properties with
excellent mechanical properties,
adhesive performance, hemostatic ability, antibacterial action, and
wound healing efficacy are highly desirable for injectable hydrogels’
practical applications in hemorrhage control and wound closure, but
designing one single hydrogel system integrating with such properties
is still difficult. Herein, a simplified yet straightforward strategy
is proposed to prepare an injectable and robust poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA)/carboxymethyl
chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel induced by tranexamic acid (TXA). TXA not
only promotes the rapid generation of free radicals but also introduces
multiple hydrogen bonds into the hydrogel network. Moreover, as a
common clinical hemostatic drug, TXA itself has excellent hemostatic
effects. In addition, CMCS imparts sterilization and hemostasis effects
to the hydrogel, thereby promoting wound healing. Besides, the amino
and carboxyl groups on TXA molecules and the hydroxyl, amino, and
carboxyl groups on CMCS molecules can form multiple hydrogen bonds
with wet biological tissues, leading to good wet tissue adhesion of
the hydrogel. As a result, the hydrogel with excellent mechanical
properties (up to 1.83 MPa at 90% compression strain), adhesion performance
(up to 18.7 kPa adhesion strength to porcine skin tissue), biocompatibility,
hemostatic ability, antibacterial activity, and wound healing properties
can be fabricated within several minutes. These combinational advantages
enable the hydrogel to efficiently stop hemorrhage (blood loss amount:
110 mg; hemostasis time: 25 s) and promote the wound healing process
(wound closure rate at 2 weeks: 83%), which can be verified using
rat models of liver bleeding and infected full thickness skin defect.
Overall, this facile strategy to design a hydrogel incorporating such
unique advantages will greatly advance the hydrogel’s clinical
application in rapid hemostasis and wound healing.