Grafting Ruthenium Phthalocyanine on Gold and Silica:  Using Apical Ligands as Linkers

Ruthenium phthalocyanines bearing pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde as an axial ligand were synthesized. The carboxaldehyde group of the apical ligand pointing out from the phthalocyanine ring was used to link the complex to chemically modified surfaces. The resulting monolayer was characterized by ellipsometry, IRRAS, XPS, X-ray reflectivity, and SPM. The grafting of RuPc to the surface is stable.