sc0c03988_si_001.pdf (1.98 MB)
Enrichment and Identification of Lignin–Carbohydrate Complexes in Softwood Extract
journal contribution
posted on 2020-07-28, 17:09 authored by Danila Morais de Carvalho, Maarit H. Lahtinen, Martin Lawoko, Kirsi S. MikkonenLignin–carbohydrate
complexes (LCCs) are hybrid structures
containing covalently linked moieties of lignin and carbohydrates.
The structure and behavior of LCCs affect both industrial processes
and practical applications of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the
identification of phenylglycoside, benzylether, and gamma (γ)-ester
LCC bonds in lignocellulosic biomass is limited due to their relatively
low abundance compared to plain carbohydrate and lignin structures.
Herein, we enriched the LCC bonds in softwood galactoglucomannan (GGM)-rich
extract fractionated by (1) a solvent (ethanol), (2) enzymes, and
(3) physical techniques. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) spectroscopy analysis was used to identify the LCC bonds. Phenylglycoside
and benzylether bonds were concentrated in the ethanol-soluble GGM
fractions. A benzylether bond was concentrated into GGM fractions
containing larger molecules (>500 Da) through physical techniques.
The γ-ester bond was identified in all studied GGM fractions,
which is explained by its stability and possible presence in residual
xylan. In summary, we demonstrated the potential of the suggested
techniques to enrich LCC bonds in softwood extract and improve LCC
identification. Such techniques may also enable further studies on
the structure and functionality of LCC bonds and open new prospects
in the engineering of biomolecules.