Emulsion Assembly of Graphene Oxide/Polymer Composite Membranes

Graphene oxide/polymer composite water filtration membranes were developed via coalescence of graphene oxide (GO) stabilized Pickering emulsions around a porosity-generating polymer. Triptycene poly(ether ether sulfone)-CH₂NH₂:HCl polymer interacts with the GO at the water–oil interface, resulting in stable Pickering emulsions. When they are deposited and dried on polytetrafluoroethylene substrate, the emulsions fuse to form a continuous GO/polymer composite membrane. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the intersheet spacing and thickness of the membranes increased with increasing polymer concentration, confirming the polymer as the spacer between the GO sheets. The water filtration capability of the composite membranes was tested by removing Rose Bengal from water, mimicking separations of weak black liquor waste. The composite membrane achieved 65% rejection and 2500 g m^–2 h^–1 bar^–1. With high polymer and GO loading, composite membranes give superior rejection and permeance performance when compared with a GO membrane. This methodology for fabrication membranes via GO/polymer Pickering emulsions produces membranes with a homogeneous morphology and robust chemical separation strength.