Lignin, characterized by its amorphous,
heavily polymerized structure,
is a primary natural source of aromatic compounds, yet its complex
constitution poses considerable challenges in its transformation and
utilization. Therefore, the selective cleavage of C–C bonds
represents a critical and challenging step in lignin degradation,
essential for the production of high-value aromatic compounds. In
this study, we report a simple electrocatalytic approach for lignin
valorization via C–C bond cleavage by developing a nonmetallic
electrocatalyst of carbon-based materials. It is found that the hydrophilicity
and hydrophobicity of the electrocatalyst have a significant effect
on the degradation process. Under mild conditions, the hydrophilic
carbon paper exhibits 100% substrate conversion, yielding 97% benzaldehyde
and 96% quinone with ionic liquid electrolytes. The mechanism study
shows that the carbon catalyst with higher surface defects favors
electron transfer in the oxidative cleavage process of C–C
bonds. These results signify a substantial advancement in lignin degradation,
offering an environmentally friendly, metal-free electrochemical route.