Discrepancy between Proline and Homoproline in Chiral Recognition and Diastereomeric Photoreactivity with Iridium(III) Complexes

The chiral-recognition processes of homoproline (hpro) and [Ir­(pq)₂(MeCN)₂]­(PF₆) (pq is 2-phenylquinoline; MeCN is acetonitrile) are investigated, in favor of formation of the thermodynamically stable diastereomers Λ-[Ir­(pq)₂(d-hpro)] and Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(l-hpro)]. Moreover, the diastereoselective photoreactions of Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(d-hpro)] and Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(l-hpro)] are reported in the presence of O₂ at room temperature. Diastereomer Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(l-hpro)] is dehydrogenatively oxidized into imino acid complex Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(hpro-2H²)] (hpro-2H² is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropicalinate), while diastereomer Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(d-hpro)] occurs by interligand C–N cross-coupling and dehydrogenative oxidation reactions, affording three products: Δ-[Ir­(pq)­(d-pqh)] [pqh is N-(2-phenylquinolin-8-yl)­homoproline], Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(hpro-2H²)], and Δ-[Ir­(pq)₂(d-hpro-2H⁶)] [hpro-2H⁶ is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropicalinate]. The C–N cross-coupling and dehydrogenative oxidation reactions are competitive, and the dehydrogenative oxidation reactions are regioselective. By optimization of the photoreaction parameters such as the diastereomeric substrate, solvent, and temperature as well as base, each possible competitive product is selectively controlled. In addition, density functional theory calculations are performed to elucidate the distinctly chiral recognition between proline and hpro with an iridium­(III) complex.