Direct and Real-Time Observation of Rotary Movement of a DNA Nanomechanical Device

Analogous to the biologically abundant protein-based linear molecular machines that translocate along their target surface, we have recently constructed the DNA-based synthetic molecular motors that effect linear movement or navigate a network of tracks on a DNA origami substrate. However, a DNA-based molecular machine with rotary function, analogous to rotary proteins, is still unexplored. Here, we report the construction of a rotary motor based on the B–Z conformational transition of DNA and the direct and real-time observation of its function within a frame-shaped DNA origami. The motor can be switched off by introducing conditions that stabilize B-DNA, while it can be fueled by adding Z-DNA-promoting high-saline buffer. When MgCl₂ was used as external stimulus, 70% of the motors rotated, while 76% of the stators/controls exhibited no rotation. Such a motor system could be successfully applied to perform multiple actions aimed for our benefit. Moreover, for the first time we have directly observed the B–Z conformational transition of DNA in real-time, which shed light on the fundamental understanding of DNA conformations.