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Download fileDigitally Programmable Manufacturing of Living Materials Grown from Biowaste
journal contribution
posted on 2022-04-20, 13:08 authored by Suitu Wang, Laura K. Rivera-Tarazona, Mustafa K. Abdelrahman, Taylor H. WareMaterial
manufacturing strategies that use little energy, valorize
waste, and result in degradable products are urgently needed. Strategies
that transform abundant biomass into functional materials form one
approach to these emerging manufacturing techniques. From a biological
standpoint, morphogenesis of biological tissues is a “manufacturing”
mode without energy-intensive processes, large carbon footprints,
and toxic wastes. Inspired by biological morphogenesis, we propose
a manufacturing strategy by embedding living Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast) within a synthetic
acrylic hydrogel matrix. By culturing the living materials in media
derived from bread waste, encapsulated yeast cells can proliferate,
resulting in a dramatic dry mass and volume increase of the whole
living material. After growth, the final material is up to 96 wt %
biomass and 590% larger in volume than the initial object. By digitally
programming the cell viability through UV irradiation or photodynamic
inactivation, the living materials can form complex user-defined relief
surfaces or 3D objects during growth. Ultimately, the grown structures
can also be designed to be degradable. The proposed living material
manufacturing strategy cultured from biowaste may pave the way for
future ecologically friendly manufacturing of materials.
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use little energylarge carbon footprintsform complex userdramatic dry massdefined relief surfacesbiowaste may paveemerging manufacturing techniqueswhole living materialdigitally programmable manufacturingtransform abundant biomassencapsulated yeast cellsliving materials grownmanufacturing strategyliving materialsgrown structuresfinal materialdigitally programmingvalorize wasteuv irradiationurgently neededtoxic wastesphotodynamic inactivationmedia derivedintensive processesinitial objectcell viabilitybread wastebiological tissuesbiological standpointbaker ’96 wt3d objects