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Cytotoxic Xanthone Constituents of the Stem Bark of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen)

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posted on 2009-11-30, 00:00 authored by Ah-Reum Han, Jeong-Ah Kim, Daniel D. Lantvit, Leonardus, B. S. Kardono, Soedarsono Riswan, Heebyung Chai, Esperanza J. Carcache de Blanco, Norman R. Farnsworth, Steven M. Swanson, A. Douglas Kinghorn
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a chloroform-soluble extract of Garcinia mangostana stem bark, using the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line and an enzyme-based ELISA NF-κB assay, led to the isolation of a new xanthone, 11-hydroxy-3-O-methyl-1-isomangostin (1). The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. In addition, 10 other known compounds, 11-hydroxy-1-isomangostin (2), 11α-mangostanin (3), 3-isomangostin (4), α-mangostin (5), β-mangostin (6), garcinone D (7), 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (8), 8-deoxygartanin (9), gartanin (10), and cratoxyxanthone (11), were isolated. Compounds 48 exhibited cytotoxicity against the HT-29 cell line with ED50 values of 4.9, 1.7, 1.7, 2.3, and 9.1 μM, respectively. In an ELISA NF-κB assay, compounds 57, 9, and 10 inhibited p65 activation with IC50 values of 15.9, 12.1, 3.2, 11.3, and 19.0 μM, respectively, and 6 showed p50 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 7.5 μM. α-Mangostin (5) was further tested in an in vivo hollow fiber assay, using HT-29, LNCaP, and MCF-7 cells, but it was found to be inactive at the highest dose tested (20 mg/kg).

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