posted on 2023-01-13, 17:08authored byAravin Prince Periyasamy, Saravanan Periyasami
The exponential development in knowledge on the health
and environmental
concerns linked to conventional denim processing is directly responsible
for the continuous increase in demand for the exploitation of sustainable
denim. Research is essential to explore alternative methods to reduce
the environmental impact caused by these industries. This review examines
the many sustainable ways to produce denim, keeping in mind the problems
that the denim industry is now facing in finding alternatives to conventional
manufacturing practices. The most current advancements in environmentally
friendly dyeing techniques for denim have been extensively discussed.
These processes include the production of indigo from bacteria as
well as different dyeing processes, such as digital spray, microbially
assisted dyeing, and foam dyeing denim with indigo. In addition, this
review covers the many environmentally friendly finishing methods
for denim garments, such as ozone fading, e-flow, enzyme-based bleaching,
water, laser fading, and so on. Finally, it is described how the chemical
and mechanical processes used to finish denim might affect the amount
of microplastics and microfibers released from the denim garment during
domestic washing. As a result, the content presented in this review
aims to address the importance of sustainable denim processing, that
is, something that can be rethought, reevaluated, renewed, and restructured
within the scope of conventional denim processes, while taking eco-responsible
solutions for increased environmental sustainability into account.