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Contrasting Temporal Patterns of Mercury, Niche Dynamics, and Body Fat Indices of Polar Bears and Ringed Seals in a Melting Icescape
journal contribution
posted on 2020-02-21, 19:09 authored by David J. Yurkowski, Evan S. Richardson, Nicholas J. Lunn, Derek C.G. Muir, Amy C. Johnson, Andrew E. Derocher, Ashley D. Ehrman, Magali Houde, Brent G. Young, Cassandra D. Debets, Luana Sciullo, Gregory W. Thiemann, Steven H. FergusonPolar bears (Ursus maritimus) and ringed seals
(Pusa hispida) have a strong predator–prey
relationship and are facing climate-associated Arctic habitat loss
and harmful dietary exposure to total mercury (THg) and other pollutants.
However, little is known about whether both species inhabiting the
same area exhibit similar temporal patterns in Hg concentration, niche
dynamics, and body fat indices. We used THg, δ13C,
and δ15N values of western Hudson Bay polar bear
hair (2004–2016) and ringed seal muscle samples (2003–2015)
to investigate temporal trends of these variables and multidimensional
niche metrics, as well as body fat indices for both species. We found
a decline in THg concentration (by 3.8% per year) and δ13C (by 1.5‰) in ringed seals suggesting a change in
feeding habits and carbon source use over time, whereas no significant
changes occurred in polar bears. In contrast, the polar bear 3-dimensional
niche size decreased by nearly half with no change in ringed seal
niche size. The δ13C spacing between both species
increased by approximately 1.5× suggesting different responses
to annual changes in sympagic-pelagic carbon source production. Ringed
seal body fat index was higher in years of earlier sea ice breakup
with no change occurring in polar bears. These findings indicate that
both species are responding differently to a changing environment
suggesting a possible weakening of their predator–prey relationship
in western Hudson Bay.
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predatorMelting Icescape PolarindicesContrasting Temporal Patternsseal niche sizeTHgcarbon source usesympagic-pelagic carbon source productionclimate-associated Arctic habitat lossδ 13 CrelationshipBody Fat IndicesRinged seal bodyδ 13 C spacingδ 15 N valuesconcentrationspeciesHudson Baysea ice breakup
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