Combining Targeted Metabolomics with Untargeted Volatilomics for Unraveling the Impact of Sprouting on the Volatiles and Aroma of False Flax (Camelina sativa) Cold-Pressed Oil

Sprouting of stored oilseeds due to improper storage can lead to quality defects of cold-pressed oils obtained from them. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seed sprouting on volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aroma-active compounds, and the content of nonvolatile metabolites in cold-pressed false flax oil obtained from sprouted seeds. In this study, 88 unique VOCs were detected in sprouted oils, whereas only 42 were found in the control oils. The control oils were characterized by a higher abundance of alcohols, while all other groups of compounds were associated with sprouted seeds. The formation of many VOCs was reflected in changes in the nonvolatile precursors. Fifteen aroma-active compounds were identified in sprouted oil, with five compounds playing a significant role (FD ≥ 128) in aroma formation. The presented approach allowed identification of differences caused by seed sprouting, resulting in oils with a much stronger aroma and a richer profile of VOCs due to intensive metabolic changes. The origin of many VOCs can be explained by alterations in the content of nonvolatile metabolites.