Chemical Composition and Biofuel Potentials of a Wide Diversity of Plant Biomasses

The chemical composition of 1052 samples covering 49 plant species is summarized in this paper. The analyzed biomasses offer a wide range of chemical compositions, monosaccharidic compositions of hemicelluloses, enzymatically digestible organic matter, and bioethanol potential. Nevertheless, their thermal energy value remains in a narrow range on a dry matter basis. Biomasses that were identified as best suited for anaerobic digestion are characterized by low contents of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin and high contents of non-structural constituents. Biomasses most suited for combustion present the lowest content of mineral compounds, and the most adequate biomasses for bioethanol conversion have high contents of total carbohydrates. Interestingly, the observed chemical compositions tend to cluster the biomasses in composition groups that also correspond to phylogenetic groups: commelinids, non-commelinid magnoliophyta, and pinophyta species. Some groups can clearly be subdivided into fibrous and moderately fibrous biomasses.