Characterization of 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine–N‑[Methoxy(polyethylene
glycerol)-2000] and Its Complex with Doxorubicin Using Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics
posted on 2017-05-18, 00:00authored byWeidong Hu, Allen Mao, Patty Wong, Adrien Larsen, Paul J. Yazaki, Jeffrey Y.C. Wong, John E. Shively
Polyethylene glycol
(PEG) lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) spontaneously
assemble in water, forming uniformly sized nanoparticles incorporating
drugs with prolonged blood clearance compared to drugs alone. Previously,
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine–N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycerol)-2000] (DSPE–PEG2000) and several drug adducts, including doxorubicin, were
analyzed by a combination of physical and molecular dynamic (MD) studies.
In this study, a complete chemical shift assignment of DSPE–PEG2000 plus or minus doxorubicin was achieved using nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR), one-dimensional selective nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy
(1D-selNOESY), NOESY, correlation spectroscopy (COSY), total correlated
spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC),
and HSQC–TOCSY. Chemical shift perturbation, titration, relaxation
enhancement, and NOESY analysis combined with MD reveal detailed structural
information at the atomic level, including the location of doxorubicin
in the micelle, its binding constant, the hydrophilic shell organization,
and the mobility of the PEG2000 tail, demonstrating that
NMR spectroscopy can characterize drug–DSPE–PEG2000 micelles with molecular weights above 180 kDa. The MD
study revealed that an initial spherical organization led to a more-disorganized
oblate structure in an aqueous environment and agreed with the NMR
study in the details of the fine structure, in which methyl group(s)
of the stearic acid in the hydrophobic core of the micelle are in
contact with the phosphate headgroup of the lipid. Although the molecular
size of the LNP drug complex is about 180 kDa, atomic resolution can
be achieved by NMR-based methods that reveal distinct features of
the drug–lipid interactions. Because many drugs have unfavorable
blood clearance that may benefit from incorporation into LNPs, a thorough
knowledge of their physical and chemical properties is essential to
moving them into a clinical setting. This study provides an advanced
basic approach that can be used to study a wide range of drug–LNP
interactions.