Changes
in Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
in Human Milk Over Lactation Time and Effects of Maternal Exposure
via Analysis of Matched Samples
posted on 2024-02-23, 09:43authored byXin Zhang, Xingyan Zhou, Huijun Chen, Xinyi Gao, Yan Zhou, Hian Kee Lee, Zhenzhen Huang
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS) are potentially
related to many adverse health outcomes and could be transferred from
maternal blood to human milk, which is an important exposure source
for infants during a long-term period. In this study, the maternal
blood of 76 women after delivery and their matched human milk samples
obtained at 0.5, 1, and 3 months were analyzed by solid-phase extraction
method with metal−organic framework/polymer hybrid nanofibers
as the sorbents and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-negative
electrospray ionization mass spectrometric for quantitative analysis
of 31 PFAS. The perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate,
and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid
(N-MeFOSAA) contributed to more than approximately 50% of the total
PFAS concentrations in blood and human milk, while N-MeFOSAA (median:
0.274 ng/mL) was the highest PFAS in human milk at 3 months. The transfer
efficiencies for PFAS from maternal blood to human milk at 0.5 months
were generally lower, with medians ranging from 0.20% to 16.9%. The
number of PFAS species detected in human milk increased as the lactation
time went on from 0.5 to 3 months, and the concentrations of 10 PFAS
displayed an increasing trend as the prolongation of lactation time
(p < 0.05).