posted on 2021-12-22, 16:36authored byXinjing Wang, Fang Liu, Yuan Cui, Yan Yin, Shilan Li, Xinli Li
To investigate the potential contribution
of appetite regulation
and modulation of gut microbiota to the ameliorated effects of apple
polyphenols extracts (APE) on high carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced
body weight (BW) gain, we conducted this study. One hundred C57BL/6
male mice were randomly divided into seven groups and fed with the
following diets for 12 weeks: chow diet (CON), HCD (HCD), high fructose
and sucrose diet (HSCD), and HCD and HSCD with 125 or 500 mg/kg·day
APE gavage. Compared to the CON group, the BW of mice in the HCD and
HSCD groups increased significantly. HSCD induced a more significant
weight gain in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver than HCD,
accompanied by severe impairment of glucose tolerance and a larger
diameter of adipocytes. On the other hand, by decreasing food intake,
APE significantly reduced BW via mechanisms, including
decreased weights of the WAT and liver, amelioration of glucose tolerance,
and amplification of WAT browning by upregulating the mRNA levels
of Ucp-1 and Cidea. Moreover, APE
promoted transcription and secretion of GLP-1, with the increased
expression of gut anorexigenic hormone peptides Ffar 2/3 in the colon and anorectic neuropeptide gene expression of Pomc, Cart, and Mc4r in
the hypothalamus, causing increased satiety. Additionally, APE significantly
increased Verrucomicrobia colonization and the relative abundance
of Akkermansia. APE potentially ameliorates high
simple carbohydrate diet-induced body weight gain by mechanisms related
to gut microbiota regulation and appetite inhibition.