9,10-Anthraquinone and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone
(PhQ) were grafted
onto two kinds of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples having
different mean tube diameters by diazo-coupling reactions. The structural
details of PhQ-grafted SWCNT (PhQ/SWCNT) samples were analyzed by
X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements. It was discussed that a
few-nanometer-thick layer of polymerized PhQs covers the outside of
SWCNT bundles. The obtained PhQ/SWCNT works very well as lithium-ion
battery and sodium-ion battery electrodes, not only at room temperature
but also at 0 °C. It should be noted that the cycle performance
of the PhQ/SWCNT electrode is much better than that of PhQ encapsulated
in SWCNT (PhQ@SWCNT). We also calculated molecular base reaction energies
by density functional theory calculations to gain a qualitative insight
into the observed discharge potentials of the PhQ/SWCNT electrode.