Croplands
are the largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide
(N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to the
growing atmospheric N2O burden. However, few studies provide
a comprehensive depiction of future cropland-N2O emissions
on a national scale due to a lack of accurate cropland prediction
data. Herein, we present a newly developed distributed land-use change
prediction model for the high-precision prediction of national-scale
land-use change. The high-precision land-use data provide an opportunity
to elucidate how the changes in cropland area will affect the magnitude
and spatial distribution of N2O emissions from China’s
croplands during 2020–2070. The results showed a declining
trend in China’s total cropland-N2O emissions from
0.44 ± 0.03 Tg N/year in 2020 to 0.39 ± 0.07 Tg N/year in
2070, consistent with a cropland area reduction from (1.78 ±
0.02) × 108 ha to (1.40 ± 0.15) × 108 ha. However, approximately 31% of all calculated cities in
China would emit more than the present level. Furthermore, different
land use and climate change scenarios would have important impacts
on cropland-N2O emissions. The Grain for Green Plan implemented
in China would effectively control emissions by approximately 12%.