AI-Assisted Real-Time Immunoassay Improves Clinical Sensitivity and Specificity

Real-time biosensing systems can interrogate the association between the analyte and the biorecognition element across time. Typically, the resulting data are preprocessed to offer valuable bioanalytical information obtained at a single optimal point of such a real-time response; for instance, a diagnosis of certain medical conditions can be established depending on a biomarker (analyte) concentration measured at an optimal time, that is, a threshold. Exploiting this conventional approach, we previously developed a nanophotonic immunoassay for bacterial vaginosis diagnosis exhibiting a clinical sensitivity and specificity of ca. 96.29% (n = 162). Herein, we demonstrate that a real-time biosensing platform assisted by artificial intelligence not only obviates biomarker concentration (i.e., a threshold) determination but also increases sensitivity and specificity in the targeted diagnostic, thereby reaching values of up to 100%.