3D Hierarchical Co₈FeS₈‑FeCo₂O₄/N-CNTs@CF with an Enhanced Microorganisms–Anode Interface for Improving Microbial Fuel Cell Performance

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising ecofriendly techniques for harvesting bioenergy from organic and inorganic matter. Currently, it is challenging to design MFC anodes with favorable microorganism attachment and fast extracellular electron transfer (EET) rate for high MFC performance. Here we prepared N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) on carbon felt (CF) and used it as a support for growing hierarchical Co₈FeS₈-FeCo₂O₄/NCNTs core–shell nanostructures (FeCo/NCNTs@CF). We observed improved wettability, specific areal capacitance, and diffusion coefficient, as well as small charge transfer resistance compared with bare CF. MFCs equipped with FeCo/NCNTs@CF displayed a power density of 3.04 W/m² and COD removal amount of 221.0 mg/L/d, about 47.6 and 290.1% improvements compared with that of CF. Biofilm morphology and 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis proved that our anode facilitated the enrichment growth of exoelectrogens. Flavin secretion was also promoted on our hierarchical elelctrode, effectively driving the EET process. This work disclosed that hierarchical nanomaterials modified electrode with tailored physicochemical properties is a promising platform to simultaneously enhance exoelectrogen attachment and EET efficiency for MFCs.