The Effect of Benzo(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic
Acid S‑Methyl Ester (BTH) and Its Cholinium
Ionic Liquid Derivative on the Resistance Induction and Antioxidant
Properties of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
posted on 2023-08-23, 20:10authored byPatryk Fra̧ckowiak, Urszula Gawlik-Dziki, Paloma Sanchez-Bel, Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
Tomatoes
are one of the most important vegetables thanks to their
taste attributes and nutritional value. Their cultivation is threatened
by various pathogens including viruses. The application of resistance
inducers (RI), such as benzo(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) may be used to enhance plant performance
against viruses. Here we aimed to compare the impact of BTH and its
choline derivative (Chol-BTH) on resistance induction and antioxidant
properties of healthy plants and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)-infected
ones. The response of tomato plants to treatment with BTH or Chol-BTH
was manifested by increased expression of not only pathogenesis-related (PR) genes but also WRKY and Jasmonate Zim-domain protein (JAZ) genes
and increased jasmonic acid (JA) levels. The effect of BTH as a resistance
inducer was observed early after application, while with Chol-BTH
the plant defense system reacted more strongly after 8 days. The antioxidant
properties of RI-treated tomatoes are related to both glutathione
content and peroxidase activity. In the case of BTH, an increase in
these activities occurred early after application, while in the case
of Chol-BTH, the glutathione level was particularly high in the plant
early after treatment, and high peroxidase activity was observed 8
days post-treatment. Overall, the collected results indicate that
Chol-BTH, due to its physicochemical parameters (e.g., good solubility)
and biological activity (increased expression of lignification-related
genes, supported by increases in peroxidase activity and total phenolic
compounds levels), can also be a very useful agent inducing tomato
resistance against viral pathogens.