Nodulisporiviridins A–H, Bioactive Viridins from Nodulisporium sp.

Eight new viridins, nodulisporiviridins A–H (1–8), were isolated from the extract of an endolichenic fungal strain Nodulisporium sp. (No. 65-17-2-1) that was fermented with potato-dextrose broth. The structures were determined using spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Nodulisporiviridins A–D (1–4) are unique viridins with an opened ring A. The Aβ₄₂ aggregation inhibitory activities of 1–8 were evaluated using a thioflavin T (ThT) assay with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the positive control (EGCG IC₅₀ of 0.5 μM). Nodulisporiviridin G (7) displayed potent inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 1.2 μM, and the preliminary trend of activity of these viridins as Aβ₄₂ aggregation inhibitors was proposed. The short-term memory assay on an Aβ transgenic drosophila model of Alzheimer’s disease showed that all eight compounds improved the short-term memory capacity, with potencies close to that of the positive control (memantine).