Fluoride-Catalyzed Addition of PhSCF₂SiMe₃ to N-Substituted Cyclic Imides Followed by Radical Cyclization: General Synthetic Strategy of gem-Difluoromethylenated 1-Azabicyclic Compounds

PhSCF₂SiMe₃ (1) was found, for the first time, to undergo fluoride-catalyzed nucleophilic difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methylation reaction to cyclic imides 2, affording the corresponding adducts 3 in moderate to good yields. Reductive cleavage of the phenylsulfanyl group of N-alkylated adducts 3 with Bu₃SnH/AIBN yielded gem-difluoromethylated products 4. Under the same reduction conditions, N-alkenylated and N-alkynylated adducts 3 afforded the corresponding gem-difluoromethylenated 1-azabicyclic compounds 5 and 6 with trans stereoselectivity. These compounds were employed as precursors for preparing substituted gem-difluoromethylenated pyrrolizidinones and indolizidinones 7 and 8 by treatment with Et₃SiH/BF₃·OEt₂, and compounds 9 and 10 by nucleophilic displacement of the hydroxyl group, using organosilanes in the presence of BF₃·OEt₂. The synthesis of highly substituted gem-difluoromethylenated pyrrolizidines 13 and 14 was also demonstrated.