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Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Bisamide Derivatives of Amphotericin B with Potent Efficacy and Low Toxicity

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posted on 2022-07-04, 23:44 authored by Huijun Ma, Anran Qian, Yazhou Zheng, Xin Meng, Ting Wang, Yinyong Zhang, Lulu Sun, Feng Zou, Bomei Zhao, Shuhua Zhang, Dan Zhang, Yushe Yang
Amphotericin B (AMB, 1) is the most powerful antibiotic in treating potentially life-threatening invasive fungal infections (IFIs), though severe toxicity derived from self-aggregation greatly limits its clinical application. Herein, we applied a bisamidation strategy at the C16-COOH and C3′-NH2 to improve the therapeutic properties by suppressing self-aggregation. It was found that basic amino groups at the residue of C16 amide were beneficial to activity, while lipophilic fragments contributed to toxicity reduction. Additionally, N-methyl-amino acetyl and amino acetyl moieties at C3′ amide could help keep the fungistatic effectiveness. The modification work culminated in the discovery of 36 (ED50 = 0.21 mg/kg), which exerted a 1.5-fold stronger antifungal efficacy than amphamide, the optimal derivative theretofore, in mice, low self-aggregation propensity, and thus low acute toxicity. With the improvement in therapeutic index and good PK profile, 36 is promising for further development as a second-generation polyene antifungal agent.

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